Haulage Setup

Running haulage simulation and analysis requires both a multi-step setup and the use of Haulage Logic controls. The setup includes providing an input schedule, relevant equipment/truck specifications, road specifications (speed restrictions and segment codes), and the creation of haulage networks.

For more in-depth information, see: Haulage

The suggested set up of Haulage is as follows:

  1. To start simulating haulage, first select the Haulage check box option in the Schedule Settings:

  1. Add at least one Segment Code. Rolling resistance is controlled by Segment Codes which get applied to each segment along a haul profile. The primary properties of each "Segment" are Rolling Resistance and Speed Limits.

  1. Return to the Schedule settings and switch to the Haulage Tab. Set a Default Segment Code (the most common Segment, usually what your established haul roads will be).

  1. Add Corner and Ramp speed restrictions. In addition to automatically calculated speeds generated from looking up the truck’s rimpull and retard curves, speed limits can be defined for both segments codes and also roads meeting certain criteria. These criteria include the grade of the segment (for ramps) and the angle change between two segments (for corners). Corners are applied to a change in angle between the original direction of travel and the new direction of travel illustrated in the image below.

    The Distance element is how long the segment restriction will apply for (in total, not on each of the two parts of road involved).

    The Minimum Distance element in a Ramp determines how long a segment needs to be in order to have the restriction applied. In the example below distances of less than 100m would not have the Ramp restriction applied.

  1. Add at least one Truck type. Right click "Trucks" and select Add -> Trucks from Truck Database.

  1. Apply Haulage simulation to equipment and set a Truck fleet to each Equipment/Process combination.

Parameter Descriptions

Equipment (per process)

  • Truck - Pick which truck fleet is applied for Raw Truck results
  • Truck Payload - The amount of Source Quantity each Truck moves (uses whatever the Source Quantity unit of measure is)
  • Loading Time - The amount of (static) time a Truck needs for Loading per cycle
  • Dumping Time - The amount of (static) time a Truck needs for Dumping per cycle
  • Queueing Time - Estimated Queueing time per cycle
  • Additional Time - Any additional time to be reported differently
  • Efficiency Factor - Increases cycle time to account for driver inefficiency
  • Minimum & Maximum Trucks - Controls the truck fleet size. Effects discussed in the Results section.

Truck

  • Apply TKPH Limits - Tick on to apply TKPH. TKPH is addressed in a later section.
  • 0% Engine Load Factor - Fuel use when truck is considered to be not moving. Includes Loading, Dumping, Queueing and Additional Time. (L/hr)
  • 100% Engine Load Factor - Fuel use when truck is at 100% Engine Load (L/hr)
  • Maximum Acceleration - Realistic limits 1.3-2.6 m/s2
  • Maximum Deceleration - Realistic limits 0.9-1.8 m/s2
  • Maximum Traction for Braking - Realistic limits 60-80%
  • Empty Weight, Full Weight & Payload - Calculated (not changed). See Truck Axle for calculations

Truck Axle

  • Number of Tyres - Affects various parameters. Should not require change.
  • Full Weight - Change (reduce from manufacturer specs) to control under-loaded weight. See below for example
  • Empty Weight - Change (increase from manufacturer specs) to control carry-back weight
  • Driven - Affects various parameters. Should not require change.
  • Tyre Rating - If TKPH is turned on, set the tyre TKPH for each Axle here

For example: The Caterpillar 789D has a maximum payload of 181 tonnes. After calculating a Waste Payload of 72 using bucket sizes, with a density of 2.4 tonnes/m3 the final Payload weight is 172.8 tonnes.

The Full Weight on each Axle of the truck should then be reduced to bring the total Payload to 172.8 tonnes.